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Research & Articles

Drums and percussion are among the oldest musical instruments known to humankind and have been documented as being used for 8000 years; approximately 6000 BC. They are found on every continent and nearly every culture in the world and have been used as a mind-body practice to heal, transform, and empower individuals and communities for centuries. It is understandable that the Art of Drumming is now starting to permeate into complementary medicine as a viable alternative toward mind-body interventions for enhanced cognitive health, mental wellbeing, and trauma recovery.

Drumming

NeuroDrumming: Towards an integral mental fitness training for healthy aging
- https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pamela_LynnSeraphine/publication/310829064_Neurodrumming_Towards_An_Integral_Mental_Fitness_Training_For_Healthy_Aging/links/5838b43408aef00f3bfa3c1b/Neurodrumming-Towards-An-Integral-Mental-Fitness-Training-For-Healthy-Aging.pdf
Moving on time: brain network for auditory-motor synchronization is modulated by rhythm complexity and musical training.
- http://mp.ucpress.edu/content/25/1/43
Rhythm in Music: What is it? Who has it? And Why?
- http://mp.ucpress.edu/content/24/2/125?utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=Music_Perception%253A_An_Interdisciplinary_Journal_TrendMD_
Rhythm-centered music making in community living elderly: a randomized pilot study.
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966636211000786
How musical training affects cognitive development: rhythm, reward and other modulating variables
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3957486/
Research Confirms the Health Benefits of Drum Meditation (Interesting Article)
- https://www.buddhistdoor.net/news/research-confirms-the-health-benefits-of-drum-meditation
10 Health Reasons to Start Drumming (Interesting Article)
- https://www.drnorthrup.com/health-benefits-drumming/
The traditional healing properties of the drum merge with the latest research from the fields of neuroscience and trauma informed care. (Interesting Article)
- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/traditional-healing-properties-drum-merge-latest-from-simon-faulkner/
Composite effects of group drumming music therapy on modulation of neuroendocrine-immune parameters in normal subjects.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11191041
Synchronized drumming enhances activity in the caudate and facilitates prosocial commitment--if the rhythm comes easily.
- http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0027272
Making music for mental health: how group drumming mediates recovery
- https://psywb.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13612-016-0048-0
Group drumming modulates cytokine response in mental health service users: a preliminary study.
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284728363_Group_Drumming_Modulates_Cytokine_Response_in_Mental_Health_Services_Users_A_Preliminary_Study
Rock drumming enhances motor and psychosocial skills of children with emotional and behavioral difficulties
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/20473869.2018.1429041
Group drumming as a burnout prevention initiative among staff members at a child and adolescent mental health care facility
- https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246315581346
Improved Executive Function and Callosal White Matter Microstructure after Rhythm Exercise in Huntington's Disease.
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266744908_Improved_Executive_Function_and_Callosal_White_Matter_Microstructure_after_Rhythm_Exercise_in_Huntington's_Disease
Effects of Group Drumming Interventions on Anxiety, Depression, Social Resilience and Inflammatory Immune Response among Mental Health Service Users.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26974430
Composite effects of group drumming music therapy on modulation of neuroendocrine-immune parameters in normal subjects.
- http://drumsofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Immune-System-Study.pdf
Group drumming as a burnout prevention initiative among staff members at a child and adolescent mental health care facility.
- http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0081246315581346
Immediate effects of group-based wellness drumming on affective states in university students.
- http://daneshyari.com/article/preview/343591.pdf
To the beat of a different drum”: improving the social and mental wellbeing of at‐risk young people through drumming
- http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/JPMH-09-2012-0002
DRUM-PD: The use of a drum circle to improve the symptoms and signs of Parkinson's disease (PD).
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27340683
Walking to the beat of different drums: Practical implications for the use of acoustic rhythms in gait rehabilitation
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966636211000786
Into the groove: Can rhythm influence Parkinson's disease?
Find Your Beat: Therapeutic Drumming for Parkinson’s Disease
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10615-015-0552-3
Neural responses to complex auditory rhythms: the role of attending.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21833279
Motor Learning Induces Plasticity in the Resting
Brain—Drumming Up a Connection
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297600340_Motor_Learning_Induces_Plasticity_in_the_Resting_Brain-Drumming_Up_a_Connection
Global timing: a conceptual framework to investigate the neural basis of rhythm perception in humans and non-human species.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24624101
Recreational music-making: a cost-effective group interdisciplinary strategy for reducing burnout and improving mood states in long-term care workers.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14686266
Walking and Talking with Our Hands: Hand Drumming and Group Process in Substance Abuse Recovery.
- Percussive Notes, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 56, 59-61.
Drumming Proven to Help the Immune System and Reduce Stress: A Summary of Barry Bittman's Research.
- Percussive Notes, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 70-72.
Exploring Shamanic Journeying: Repetitive Drumming with Shamanic Instructions Induces Specific Subjective Experiences but No Larger Cortisol Decrease than Instrumental Meditation Music
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4085008/
Complementary therapy for addiction: "drumming out drugs".
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12660212
Utilizing drumming for American Indians/Alaska Natives with substance use disorders: a focus group study
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22931086
Drum-Assisted Recovery Therapy for Native Americans (DARTNA): results from a pretest and focus groups.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24788920
The Healing Power of the Drum by Robert Lawrence Friedman, published by White Cliffs Media, Inc., October 2000.
- (Free sample pdf)
Effects of Group Drumming Interventions on Anxiety, Depression, Social Resilience and Inflammatory Immune Response among Mental Health Service Users
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151136
DRUM-PD: The use of a drum circle to improve the symptoms and signs of Parkinson's disease (PD).
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27340683
What makes a rhythm complex? The influence of musical training and accent type on beat perception.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29320533
Beat processing is pre-attentive for metrically simple rhythms with clear accents: an ERP study.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24870123
Exploring Shamanic Journeying: Repetitive Drumming with Shamanic Instructions Induces Specific Subjective Experiences but No Larger Cortisol Decrease than Instrumental Meditation Music
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4085008/
Selective neuronal entrainment to the beat and meter embedded in a musical rhythm.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23223281
Capturing with EEG the neural entrainment and coupling underlying sensorimotor synchronization to the beat.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24108804
Individual Differences in Rhythmic Cortical Entrainment Correlate with Predictive Behaviour in Sensorimotor Synchronization.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26847160
White matter microstructural properties correlate with sensorimotor synchronization abilities.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27165760
Is there a link between sensorimotor coordination and inter-manual coordination? Differential effects of auditory and/or visual rhythmic stimulations.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26238405
Walking to a multisensory beat.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28257971
Stepping to phase-perturbed metronome cues: multisensory advantage in movement synchrony but not correction.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25309397
Hemiparetic stepping to the beat: asymmetric response to metronome phase shift during treadmill gait.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19952366
The coupled oscillator model of between-hand coordination in alternate-hand tapping: a reappraisal.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11318046
Effects of stick use on bimanual coordination performance during rapid alternate tapping in drummers.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19799169
Intrinsic constraint of asymmetry acting as a control parameter on rapid, rhythmic bimanual coordination: a study of professional drummers and nondrummers.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20702735
Wrist muscle activity during rapid unimanual tapping with a drumstick in drummers and nondrummers.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19799164
Effect of stick use on rapid unimanual tapping in drummers.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19725329
Tapping speed asymmetry in drummers for single-hand tapping with a stick.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17037670
Transfer of learning between unimanual and bimanual rhythmic movement coordination: transfer is a function of the task dynamic.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25929551
The stability of rhythmic movement coordination depends on relative speed: the Bingham model supported.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21952789
Interaction between discrete and rhythmic movements: reaction time and phase of discrete movement initiation during oscillatory movements.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14642641
Evolving building blocks of rhythm: how human cognition creates music via cultural transmission.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29508405
Effects of Community African Drumming on Generalized Anxiety in Adolescents
- http://approaches.gr/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/8-Approaches_512013_Akombo_Article.pdf
Salivary Oxytocin Concentration Changes during a Group Drumming Intervention for Maltreated School Children.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29144396
Got Rhythm? Better Inhibitory Control Is Linked with More Consistent Drumming and Enhanced Neural Tracking of the Musical Beat in Adult Percussionists and Nonpercussionists.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28949825
Utilizing Drumming for American Indians/Alaska Natives with Substance Use Disorders:
A Focus Group Study
- http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/00952990.2012.699565
Temporal prediction abilities are mediated by motor effector and rhythmic expertise.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27909748
Enhanced timing abilities in percussionists generalize to rhythms without a musical beat.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25540617
Cross-cultural influences on rhythm processing: reproduction, discrimination, and beat tapping.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26029122
The Impact of Instrument-Specific Musical Training on Rhythm Perception and Production.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26869969
Making music for mental health:how group drumming mediates recovery
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13612-016-0048-0
Health rhythms: A preliminary inquiry into group-drumming as experienced by participants on a structured day services programme for substance-misusers
- http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09687630500342881?scroll=top&needAccess=true
Recreational music-making modulates natural killer cell activity, cytokines, and mood states in corporate employees
Physiological demands of rock drumming: a case study
- https://www.chi.ac.uk/research/sport/clem-burke-drumming-project/about-project/physiological-demands-rock-drumming-case

Rhythm synchronization performance and auditory working memory in early- and late-trained musicians.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508918
The Ability to Move to a Beat Is Linked to the Consistency of Neural Responses to Sound.
- https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0612-13.2013
Drumming has positive impact on mental health finds Royal College of Music study.
- http://www.rcm.ac.uk/press/Drumming%20and%20mental%20health.pdf
Doing anger differently: A group percussion therapy for angry adolescent boys. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 54(3), 275-294.
- https://doi.org/10.1521/ijgp.54.3.275.40335
African drumming: a holistic approach to reducing stress and improving health?
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24983262
Specific instructions are important for continuous bimanual drumming in adults with Down Syndrome.
- https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ffab/9129970214854f92b3d748a7b6aff31592cd.pdf
Effects of Group Drumming Interventions on
Anxiety, Depression, Social Resilience and Inflammatory Immune Response among
Mental Health Service Users
- http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0151136
Composite Effects of Group Drumming Music Therapy on Modulation of Neuroendocrine-Immune Parameters In Normal Subjects
- http://drumsofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Immune-System-Study.pdf
Effects of active versus passive group music therapy on pre-adolescents with emotional, learning, and behavioral disorders. Journal of Music Therapy, 35(1), 49-67.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10519828
Group dynamics as applied to the use of music with schizophrenic adolescents. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 3(2), 1971, 111-116.
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02110244
Therapeutic Potential of a Drum and Dance Ceremony Based on the African Ngoma Tradition
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523073/
Music and Early Language Acquisition
- http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00327
Rhythm, movement, and autism: using rhythmic rehabilitation research as a model for autism.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnint.2013.00019/full
Salivary Oxytocin Concentration Changes during a Group Drumming Intervention for Maltreated School Children.
- http://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7110152
Musical training as an alternative and effective method for neuro-education and neuro-rehabilitation.
- http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00475
Complementary Therapy for Addiction: “Drumming Out Drugs”
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447805/?wvsessionid=wv6c48c7b189c5465bbdd156c05bdd0328
Applications for Integrating Rhythm and Reflections in Support of People with Co-occurring Drug and Alcohol and Mental Health Issues
- http://dual-diagnosis.imedpub.com/therapeutic-applications-for-integrating-rhythm-and-reflection-in-support-of-people-with-cooccurring-drug-and-alcohol-and-mental-h.pdf
Effects of Auditory Rhythm and Music on Gait Disturbances in Parkinson's Disease.
- http://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2015.00234
The production of bimanual percussion in 12 to 24-month-old children. Infant Behavior and Development, 30 (1), 2-15.
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2005.08.001
Development of interpersonal coordination between peers during a drumming task.
- http://doi.org/10.1037/a0038980
Exploring the potentials of group drumming as a group therapy for young female commercial sex workers in Mumbai, India
African drumming: a holistic approach to reducing stress and improving health?
- http://doi.org/10.2459/JCM.0000000000000046
The effects of drumming on working memory in older adults.
- http://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13685
The synchronisation of lower limb responses with a variable metronome: the effect of biomechanical constraints on timing.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15894483
Drumming through trauma: Music therapy with post-traumatic soldiers
Shamanism: The Neural Ecology of Consciousness and Healing.
- The Journal of Mind and Behavior Vol. 22, No. 1 (Winter 2001), pp. 103-105
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/43853935?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
To bridge or not to bridge the multisensory time gap: bimanual coordination to sound and touch with temporal lags.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27655357
Multisensory cues improve sensorimotor synchronisation.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20584187
Drumming Technique for Assertiveness and Anger Management in the Short-Term Psychiatric Setting for Adult and Adolescent Survivors of Trauma
- https://academic.oup.com/mtp/article-abstract/12/2/111/1014742

Music

Mending the Brain Through Music (Article)
- https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/773401
Musical Rhythm, Linguistic Rhythm, and Human Evolution
- http://mp.ucpress.edu/content/24/1/99
Music therapy increases serum melatonin levels in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
- https://search.proquest.com/openview/221c9f83716bd86670f1232e3b586087/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=32528
Music therapy and the treatment of trauma-induced dissociative disorders
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/019745569390019X
The Effects of Musical Training on Structural Brain Development
A Longitudinal Study
- http://www.musicianbrain.com/papers/Hyde_MusicTraining_BrainPlasticity_nyas_04852.pdf
Performance of music elevates pain threshold and positive affect: implications for the evolutionary function of music.
- http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/147470491201000403
Neuropsychological studies of musical timbre.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14681128
Cerebral substrates for musical temporal processes.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11458827
A contribution of different cortical areas in the temporal lobes to music processing.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9798742
The processing of temporal pitch and melody information in auditory cortex.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12441063
Auditory Attraction: Activation of visual cortex by music and sound in Williams syndrome
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862007/
Effects of musical training on the auditory cortex in children.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14681174
Effects of Long-Term Musical Training on Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28225736
Processing of complex auditory patterns in musicians and nonmusicians
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21750713
Preattentive cortical-evoked responses to pure tones, harmonic tones, and speech: influence of music training.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19494778
Pitch and Time Processing in Speech and Tones: The Effects of Musical Training and Attention.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29466555
Playing a Musical Instrument as a Protective Factor against Dementia and Cognitive Impairment: A Population-Based Twin Study
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4269311/
The psychoneuroimmunological effects of music: A systematic review and a new model.
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159113005138?via%3Dihub
Concept Analysis: Music Therapy
- https://doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.30.1.44
Musical experience shapes top-down auditory mechanisms: evidence from masking and auditory attention performance.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20018234
Performance of music elevates pain threshold and positive affect: implications for the evolutionary function of music.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23089077
Performance of music elevates pain threshold and positive affect: implications for the evolutionary function of music.
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232609675_Performance_of_Music_Elevates_Pain_Threshold_and_Positive_Affect_Implications_for_the_Evolutionary_Function_of_Music
Rhythmic auditory stimulation in gait training for Parkinson's disease patients.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8684391/
Music as therapy.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15813154
Variations on the theme of musical expertise: cognitive and sensory processing in percussionists, vocalists and non-musicians.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28177157
Generality and specificity in the effects of musical expertise on perception and cognition.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25618010
Musicians' edge: A comparison of auditory processing, cognitive abilities and statistical learning.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27770623
Instructional and improvisational models of music therapy with adolescents who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a comparison of the effects on motor impulsivity.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16671837
Musical ability is associated with enhanced auditory and visual cognitive processing.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26377548
Long-term exposure to music enhances the sensitivity of the auditory system in children.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21848923
Pitch discrimination accuracy in musicians vs nonmusicians: an event-related potential and behavioral study.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15551089
Preattentive cortical-evoked responses to pure tones, harmonic tones, and speech: influence of music training.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19494778
Pitch and Time Processing in Speech and Tones: The Effects of Musical Training and Attention.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29466555
Chill-inducing music enhances altruism in humans
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4211412/
Enhanced learning of proportional math through music training and spatial-temporal training.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10100200
Associations between music education, intelligence, and spelling ability in elementary school
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3101523/
Music improves sleep quality in students.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18426457
Voxel-based morphometry reveals increased gray matter density in Broca's area in male symphony orchestra musicians.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12414299
Neural entrainment to the rhythmic structure of music.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25170794
Music training for the development of reading skills.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24309256
Alignment strategies for the entrainment of music and movement rhythms.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25773621
Without it no music: cognition, biology and evolution of musicality.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25646511
Do older professional musicians have cognitive advantages?
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3737101/
Music training for the development of reading skills.
- http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63327-9.00008-4
Musical experience, auditory perception and reading-related skills in children.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24086654
Does Music Training Enhance Literacy Skills? A Meta-Analysis.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26648880
Music education for improving reading skills in children and adolescents with dyslexia.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22895983
The effects of music therapy on the self-esteem of emotionally disturbed adolescents. ( Music Therapy, 7, 43-53)
- https://academic.oup.com/musictherapy/article/8/1/78/2756996
Neural correlates of phonological processing: Disrupted in children with dyslexia and enhanced in musically trained children.
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2018.07.001
Psychiatry and music
- http://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.130482

Brain Health

A Brain for Rhythm: A legendary rock and roll drummer teams up with a neuroscientist to explore the role of rhythm in brain function. (Article)
- https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/33213/title/A-Brain-for-Rhythm/
Listening to rhythms activates motor and premotor cortices
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010945208002438
Effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait in Parkinsonian patients with and without freezing of gait
- http://ruc.udc.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/2183/14522/Arias_EffectsRhytmic.pdf?sequence=2
Metronome therapy in patients with Parkinson disease
- http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/9465340
Music therapy in Parkinson's disease: improvement of Parkinsonian gait and depression with rhythmic auditory stimulation
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353802006001155
How often does music and rhythm improve patients’ perception of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease?
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3642358/
Does auditory rhythmical cueing improve gait in people with Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment?
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19199354
Drumming Relieves the Symptoms of Parkinson's ( Interesting Article)
- http://www.blog.parkinsonsrecovery.com/drumming-relieves-the-symptoms-of-parkinsons/
Cognition Without Control- When a Little Frontal Lobe Goes a Long Way
- http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01648.x
The ‘when’ Pathway of the Right Parietal lobeht
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3613278/
The Pivotal Role of the Right Parietal Lobe in Temporal Attention.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27991181
The Generality of Parietal Involvement in Visual Attention
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627301800337
Stimulus-Driven Orienting of Visuo-Spatial Attention in Complex Dynamic Environments
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627311001188
Attentional Networks in the Parietal Cortex
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298462246_A
Attention to Memory and the Environment: Functional Specialization and Dynamic Competition in Human Posterior Parietal Cortex
- http://www.jneurosci.org/content/30/25/8445
The contribution of the human posterior parietal cortex to episodic memory
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5682023/
The cerebellum: its role in language and related cognitive and affective functions.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23333152
Cerebellar neurocognition: insights into the bottom of the brain.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18602745
The cerebellum and cognition.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17400009
Speech, language, and the cerebellum.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9059570
The Cerebellum and Cognitive Function: 25 Years of Insight from Anatomy and Neuroimaging
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313009963
Pitch perception of complex tones and human temporal-lobe function.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3170948
Deficits of musical timbre perception after unilateral temporal-lobe lesion revealed with multidimensional scaling
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872609
Right temporal cortex is critical for utilization of melodic contextual cues in a pitch constancy task.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15128620
Brain Structures Differ between Musicians and Non-Musicians
- http://www.jneurosci.org/content/23/27/9240
Music-based cognitive remediation therapy for patients with traumatic brain injury.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2014.00034/full
Examining neural plasticity and cognitive benefit through the unique lens of musical training.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24079993
Understanding the benefits of musical training: effects on oscillatory brain activity.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19673769
Musical Training Shapes Structural Brain Development
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996392/
Musical Training as a Framework for Brain Plasticity: Behavior, Function, and Structure
- http://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(12)00931-2
Musical training heightens auditory brainstem function during sensitive periods in development
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777166/
Coordinated plasticity in the brainstem and auditory cortex contributes to enhanced categorical speech perception in musicians.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24890664
Positive and Negative Neuroplasticity: Implications for Age-Related Cognitive Declines
- https://www.healio.com/nursing/journals/jgn/2009-6-35-6/%7B97328cb1-e1bf-4c68-97b5-8a59d8a4026c%7D/positive-and-negative-neuroplasticity-implications-for-age-related-cognitive-declines
Motor Learning Induces Plasticity in the Resting Brain—Drumming Up a Connection
- https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhw048
Music drives brain plasticity
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2948283/
Musical training as a framework for brain plasticity: behaviour, function, and structure.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23141061
Plasticity of the human auditory cortex related to musical training.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21763342
Effect of Rhythmic Music Auditory Stimulation On Tics Modulation in Tourette Syndrome: A Case Study
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319406743_Effect_of_Rhythmic_Music_Auditory_Stimulation_On_Tics_Modulation_in_Tourette_Syndrome_A_Case_Study
Effects of music training on the child's brain and cognitive development.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16597769
Musical training shapes structural brain development.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19279238
Musical Training Induces Functional Plasticity in Human Hippocampus
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20107063
Music therapy is a potential intervention for cognition of Alzheimer’s Disease: a mini-review
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5267457/
Music Making as a Tool for Promoting Brain Plasticity across the Life Span
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996135/
Examining neural plasticity and cognitive benefit through the unique lens of musical training.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24079993
Desire, Disease, and the Origins of the Dopaminergic System
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632401/
Exploring how musical rhythm entrains brain activity with electroencephalogram frequency-tagging.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25385771
Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Executive Functioning in Musicians and Non-Musicians
- http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0099868
Art and science: how musical training shapes the brain
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3797461/
Motor Learning Induces Plasticity in the Resting Brain—Drumming Up a Connection
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26941381
Music Making as a Tool for Promoting Brain Plasticity across the Life Span.
- http://doi.org/10.1177/1073858410377805
Effects of music and music therapy on mood in neurological patients.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25815256
Attention to memory and the environment: functional specialization and dynamic competition in human posterior parietal cortex
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2906749/
Contribution of different cortical areas in the temporal lobes to music processing.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9798742
Enhancement of neuroplastic P2 and N1c auditory evoked potentials in musicians.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843255
The promises of change-related brain potentials in cognitive neuroscience of music.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14681115
Top-down modulation of auditory processing: effects of sound context, musical expertise and attentional focus.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19821835
Playing a Musical Instrument as a Protective Factor against Dementia and Cognitive Impairment: A Population-Based Twin Study
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4269311/
[Music and brain (II): evidence of musical training in the brain].
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22127661
The effects of musical training on structural brain development: a longitudinal study.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19673777
Music, memory and emotion
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776393/
Brain correlates of music-evoked emotions.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24552785
Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC58814/
Musical training, neuroplasticity and cognition.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29213699
Music and Sound in Time Processing of Children with ADHD
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4585247/
Plasticity of the human auditory cortex related to musical training.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21763342
Degree of musical expertise modulates higher order brain functioning.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22832388
Musical Training Induces Functional Plasticity in Human Hippocampus
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3842475/
Musical expertise induces neuroplasticity of the planum temporale.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22524348
Effects of music training on the child's brain and cognitive development.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16597769
Influence of "Enriched Environment" on Behavior and Neurogenesis in Mice Selected by Cognitive Trait.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29577205
Involvement of the prefrontal cortex in problem solving
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19607957
Short- and long-lasting consequences of novelty, deviance and surprise on brain and cognition
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763415001281
Brain structures differ between musicians and non-musicians.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14534258
Musical training shapes structural brain development
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19279238
When the brain plays music: auditory–motor interactions in music perception and production.
- http://www.nature.com/articles/nrn2152
Sound-making actions lead to immediate plastic changes of neuromagnetic evoked responses and induced beta-band oscillations during perception
- http://www.jneurosci.org/content/37/24/5948
Musical Training Orchestrates Coordinated Neuroplasticity in Auditory Brainstem and Cortex to Counteract Age-Related Declines in Categorical Vowel Perception.
- http://www.jneurosci.org/content/35/3/1240
Ability to move to a beat linked to brain's response to speech: Musical training may sharpen language processing.
- https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130917181103.htm
Training-Induced Brain Structure Changes in the Elderly
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18614670
Neuroplasticity: changes in grey matter induced by training.
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305381022_Neuroplasticity_changes_in_grey_matter_induced_by_training
Cognitive activities delay onset of memory decline in persons who develop dementia.
- https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181b04ae3
Musical training induces functional plasticity in human hippocampus.
- https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4513-09.2010
Brain plasticity and functional losses in the aged: scientific bases for a novel intervention
- https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123(06)57006-2
Increased corpus callosum size in musicians
- https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(95)00045-5
Leisure Activities and the Risk of Dementia in the Elderly
- https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa022252
Music Moves Brain to Pay Attention, Stanford Study Finds.
- https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2007/07/music-moves-brain-to-pay-attention-stanford-study-finds.html
How musical training affects cognitive development rhythm, reward and other modulating variables
- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2013.00279/full
Human brain changes across the lifespan: a review of 56 longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21915942
Midlife psychological distress associated with late-life brain atrophy and white matter lesions: a 32-year population study of women.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22286853
Temporal lobe atrophy and white matter lesions are related to major depression over 5 years in the elderly.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20881949
Midlife vascular risk factor exposure accelerates structural brain aging and cognitive decline
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3146307/
Parahippocampal white matter volume predicts Alzheimer's disease risk in cognitively normal old adults.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24656833
Impact of brain aging and neurodegeneration on cognition: evidence from MRI.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24184970
Partial maintenance of auditory-based cognitive training benefits in older adults
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4167577/
In Older Adults, the Brain Can Still Be Trained to Hear in Noise
- https://journals.lww.com/thehearingjournal/fulltext/2013/05000/Hearing_Matters___In_Older_Adults,_the_Brain_Can.3.aspx
A cognitive training program based on principles of brain plasticity: results from the improvement in memory with plasticity-based adaptive cognitive training (IMPACT) study.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02167.x
Musical Training Orchestrates Coordinated Neuroplasticity in Auditory Brainstem and Cortex to Counteract Age-Related Declines in Categorical Vowel Perception.
- https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3292-14.2015
Musical training orchestrates coordinated neuroplasticity in auditory brainstem and cortex to counteract age-related declines in categorical vowel perception.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25609638
Enhanced neural synchrony between left auditory and premotor cortex is associated with successful phonetic categorization.
- http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00394
How musical training affects cognitive development: rhythm, reward 268 and other modulating variables.
- http://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2013.00279

Music & Healthy Aging

Music improves sleep quality in older adults.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15660547
Interaction of Musicianship and Aging: A Comparison of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26504354
The influence of lifelong musicianship on neurophysiological measures of concurrent sound segregation.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23163409
Turning down the noise: the benefit of musical training on the aging auditory brain.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23831039
The effect of ageing on multisensory integration for the control of movement timing.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21688143
NOvelty-related Motivation of Anticipation and exploration by Dopamine (NOMAD): Implications for healthy aging
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S01497634090012982
The relation between instrumental musical activity and cognitive aging.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4354683/
Do Lifestyle Activities Protect Against Cognitive Decline in Aging? A Review.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29209201
Lifestyle Modulators of Neuroplasticity: How Physical Activity, Mental Engagement, and Diet Promote Cognitive Health during Aging.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28695017
Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced?
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26162004
Musical experience offsets age-related delays in neural timing.
- http://www.neurobiologyofaging.org/article/S0197-4580(11)00547-1/fulltext
Older adults benefit from music training early in life: Biological evidence for long term training-driven plasticity.
- http://www.jneurosci.org/content/33/45/17667
Training changes processing of speech cues in older adults with hearing loss
- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2013.00097/full
Reversal of age-related neural timing delays with training.
- https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1213555110
Aging alters the perception and physiological representation of frequency: evidence from human frequency-following response recordings
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2009.11.010
Musical experience offsets age-related delays in neural timing
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22227006

Meditation

Stress reduction through mindfulness meditation
- https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/289116
The neurobiology of meditation and mindfulness
- https://www.highest-heights.com/userfiles/6127579/file/Neurobiology_of_Meditation-Mindfulness.Springer.ESCH.2014.pdf
Meditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1361002/
Meditation reduces pain-related neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex, insula, secondary somatosensory cortex, and thalamus.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25566158
Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3004979/?__hstc=133243537.c773f89949c75cda0bb2ae1552d2dda8.1489622400061.1489622400062.1489622400063.1&__hssc=133243537.1.1489622400064&__hsfp=1773666937